Syncopated Song and Dance                Back to Pop Music 101
I. Popular music and society- shaping of society  norms and in turn the music business
    A.  Involvement in war        B. Industrial revolution  
    C. Immigration/migration        D. Sexual revolution
    E. Prohibition - many musicians found jobs in speakeasies around Chicago & other cities.
II. First Electric Revolution
    A. Radio made music available to anyone with a radio set.
    B. In 1920, 1st radio station began broadcasting
        1. Within 2 years, the number of stations had grown to 200.
        2. By 1926, NBC began broadcasting on 25 affiliates - Network radio was born.
    C. Technological advances replaced acoustical broadcasting with electric broadcasting.
        1. Microphones, amplifiers, loudspeakers were beginning to be used.
        2. 1925, recording industry converted to electric recording.
        3. Amplification allowed singers with smaller voices to perform, before this time, most singers sang in large auditoriums and had a quazi-operatic style.
III. The New Sound of Syncopated Song
    A. Changes due to interaction of African-American music and white popular song.
        1. Merging of song and dance.
        2. formation of syncopated dance orchestras.
            a. Instrumentation -  full rhythm section and saxophone  
        3. Crooning and other new styles of singing.      
         4. Fox-trot beat (2 beat rhythm)                                          
        5. New instrumental styles
        6. Snappy riff-based melodies                                          
        7. Conversational lyrics                                             
         8. Chorus oriented form
        *Listening sample - Example 8.1 [II-3] If I had You  by Shapiro, Campbell, and Connelly recorded by  Sam Lanin &his Famous Players (w /Bing Crosby) pg.109
        9. Ragtime influenced dance music (animal names like grizzly bear, chicken glide)
            a. Not immediately accepted by respectable citizens
            b. Irene and Vernon Castle helped make dancing to these songs socially  acceptable.
            c. The Castles’s success spawned unprecedented enthusiasm for social dancing, and also affected some of the fashion of the time.
            d. Memphis Blues  is credited as 1st fox-trot
        * Listening Samples -  Example 8.2 [II-4] Memphis Blues by W. C. Handy performed by James Reese Europe’s “Hellfighters” band.
                Ex. 8.3 [II-5] Copenhagen by Fletcher Henderson (reading on pg.112)
                Ex. 8.4 [II-6] Whispering by Paul Whitman & his Orchestra
IV. The Heyday of Popular Song
    A. Twenty-five years between 1920 and 1945 songwriting ascended to new heights.
    B. A blend of creativity and popularity created an unprecedented demand for songs.
            1. Songwriters wrote songs   2. Performers interpreted them
V. Old and New Song Styles
    A. Old style - flowing melody contours with little rhythmic interest
    B. New style - based upon syncopated riffs
    * Listening Samples- Ex. 8.5 [II-7]April Showers by De Sylva and Silvers sung by Al Jolson
        Ex. 8.6 [II-8] Fascinating Rhythm by Ira & George Gershwin sung by Fred and  Adele Astaire (reading on pg.114)
        Ex. 8.7 [II-9] After You’ve gone  by Creamer & Layton w/ Paul Whitman & band, sung by Bing Crosby (reading on pg.116; form on pg. 117)
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